An analysis of the migration situation in Iran and recommendations for controlling emigration, as well as retaining, attracting, and increasing the participation of elites
Abstract
Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon with various economic, social, and political dimensions, driven by internal and international push and pull factors. It affects demographic, social, economic, and political structures, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the country. Among the three types of migration—immigration, emigration, and transit migration—that Iran experiences, the increasing emigration of skilled labor and elites, along with the outflow of scientific and economic capital, holds particular significance due to its impact on national interests. This concern is amplified by field studies and statistical evidence indicating a growing tendency and decision among professionals, specialists, and individuals with economic capital to migrate abroad.
Some key headings of this article are:
Explaining Migration in Iran
Iran faces a growing outflow of skilled migrants, with rising emigration and asylum-seeking rates. Despite official concern, migration remains underanalyzed, and addressing it requires understanding its root causes.
Examining the Causes of Migration and the Impact of Economic Changes on Elite Migration
Migration in Iran is driven by a complex mix of perceptions, economic instability, and governance challenges. While the desire to migrate is shaped by social and psychological factors, actual migration is influenced by deeper structural issues. Surveys show that more than 60% of elites—including students, academics, healthcare professionals, and startup workers—want to migrate, and over 50% have made serious plans to do so. Economic factors, particularly inflation and sanctions, are the main drivers across all groups. Interest in returning to Iran is low, as declining national optimism and weak engagement with development contribute to a pessimistic outlook. This growing trend reflects a broader “migration syndrome,” threatening the country’s ability to retain and benefit from its human capital. Ignoring these trends could result in long-term damage to national development.
Recommendations to Address Elite Migration
To manage elite migration, policies should focus on shifting public perception and fostering national engagement. Key strategies include boosting hope and national attachment among youth, engaging the expertise of overseas Iranians, creating more domestic opportunities for elites, supporting international job placement, enhancing Iran’s soft power, raising migration awareness, and improving coordination among institutions.
This study was conducted at Center for Strategic Studies in 2024.
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