An Analysis of the Impacts of Cyberattacks on the Renewable Energy Sector and National Strategies for Mitigating Cyber Threats in this Domain
Abstract
The growing reliance of the energy sector, like other sectors, on digital technologies has attracted the attention of rival governments and, at times, malicious private actors, prompting them to plan cyberattacks against this sector. The vulnerability of the energy sector—including renewable energy systems—stems from its increasing dependence on cyber technologies and the rising number of cyber threat actors worldwide.
Under these circumstances, to counter cyber threats and enhance cybersecurity in the energy sector, including renewables, governments have implemented measures at both domestic and international levels.
Goals of Governments in Conducting Cyberattacks on the Energy Sector
Governments target the energy sector, including renewables, in cyberattacks for political and economic reasons. Politically, cyberspace serves as a new arena for state rivalry, aiming to damage competitors’ critical infrastructure. Economically, attacks threaten the sector’s vital role in society, disrupt daily life, and can undermine government legitimacy by reducing citizens’ welfare, similar to the effects of economic sanctions.
National Strategies for Countering Cyber Threats in the Energy Sector
To counter cyber threats in the energy sector, including renewables, countries implement domestic and international strategies. Domestically, they focus on upgrading systems, hiring trusted specialists, and enforcing strict cybersecurity laws. Internationally, efforts include promoting a binding treaty to prohibit cyberattacks on energy infrastructure and enhance global cooperation in cybersecurity.
This study was conducted at Iran’s Energy and Resource Governance Institute by Hasan Raei in 2024.
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