One of the key challenges in any future Iran–US nuclear agreement is the fate of Iran’s enriched uranium stockpiles. Iran views these materials as a strategic national asset, while the United States and its allies see them as a proliferation concern.
A potential solution is the creation of a Multilateral Uranium Custody Bank, under which Iran retains full ownership of its enriched uranium while part of the stockpile is stored under IAEA supervision. The material would not be transferred or destroyed, but held in international custody.
Practical Solution for Managing Iran’s Enriched Uranium Stockpiles
Access to the stockpiles would be governed through a dual-key mechanism, ensuring that no party can unilaterally use, transfer, or return the material. The agreement could also provide a clear process for Iran to recover its stockpiles if other parties fail to meet their commitments.
A Win-Win Approach
This framework preserves Iran’s ownership rights and nuclear achievements while addressing international concerns by increasing breakout time and strengthening oversight. By focusing on shared risk management rather than surrendering or eliminating uranium stockpiles, the proposal offers a realistic foundation for a sustainable nuclear agreement.
This study is conducted by Iranian Civilizational Diplomacy Think Tank (DETA) in 2026.
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