Governance and Regulation

Inflation in Iran

Inflation in Iran: Monetary Growth and Inflationary Shocks

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Inflation in Iran has been a persistent macroeconomic challenge, strongly linked to monetary growth, fiscal imbalances, and structural economic weaknesses. In macroeconomic theory, long-term inflation is closely correlated with money supply growth. In Iran, where liquidity expansion serves as a key monetary indicator, this relationship is particularly significant. This study examines inflation trends and major […]

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Co determination structure in Germany

Assessment of the Co-determination Model in Germany

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 Co-determination is a model of corporate governance in which the workforce is recognized not merely as a production factor but as an active stakeholder in firm-level decision-making. This model represents a tangible manifestation of participatory governance at the enterprise level, emphasizing dialogue, transparency, and balanced power distribution between capital and labor. International experiences indicate that

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maritime-based development

Maritime-Based Development: A Foundational Policy Facing Implementation Challenges

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An Analytical Note on the General Policies for Maritime-based Development and Institutional Performance over the Past Two Years The General Policies of Maritime-Based Development, issued in November 2023 by the Supreme Leader, aim to maximize Iran’s use of coastal, offshore, and marine capacities as drivers of national development and to secure a leading regional and

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Strategies of the Banking System to Support Businesses

Strategies of the Banking System to Support Businesses and Households in Wartime

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Analysis of challenges and banking system solutions aimed at supporting vulnerable groups in facing the economic consequences of war and pandemics During times of crisis and adversity, such as war and social unrest, a country’s economic infrastructure is severely affected. In these periods, banking system as the heartbeat of the financial system, face unexpected challenges

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Ministry of cooperatives

Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare and Economic Justice

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An Analysis of the Challenges of Economic Justice in Iran with Regard to the Responsibilities of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, and Strategies for Improving Justice in the Country Abstract Iran is currently facing serious economic and social challenges that have had profound impacts on the structure of society and the distribution

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Countering Cybersecurity Threats in Renewable Energy

Countering Cybersecurity Threats in Renewable Energy

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An Analysis of the Impacts of Cyberattacks on the Renewable Energy Sector and National Strategies for Mitigating Cyber Threats in this Domain  Abstract The growing reliance of the energy sector, like other sectors, on digital technologies has attracted the attention of rival governments and, at times, malicious private actors, prompting them to plan cyberattacks against

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High Education Funding

Study on Higher Education Funding Worldwide

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A review of the funding status of higher education institutions in various countries and in Iran, along with a proposed model for financing universities in the country Abstract Funding is considered one of the most critical challenges for the growth and sustainability of higher education. The budgeting model and allocation mechanisms for universities serve as

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Exchange Rate

Exchange Rate Behavior in the Event of a Renewed War and Policy Recommendations

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An analytical report by Water and Energy Synergy Home on the exchange rate during the 12-day war and projections of future developments using narrative and behavioral economics a)During the war, no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate were observed.b) Immediately after the war, however, the exchange rate experienced a substantial increase. This temporal pattern—stability during

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Agriculture trade balance

An Analysis of Iran’s Agricultural Trade Balance

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A Study on the Status of Agricultural Exports and Imports and Their Impact on Iran’s Non-Oil Trade Balance Abstract Based on Iran’s non-oil trade balance data, agricultural products constitute a significant share of the country’s non-oil exports. In 2023 (Iranian year 1402), agricultural products accounted for about 12 percent of the total value of Iran’s

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