International Affairs

Ata Bahrami Why did global oil prices reach the equivalent of nearly $200 per barrel in real terms during Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s presidency without direct military conflict, while today they struggle to remain above $100 despite heightened tensions involving Iran, the United States, and the Strait of Hormuz? Structural Changes in the Global Oil Market The […]

Ali Mohammad Sabeghi, Member of the Scientific Council of the Tianxia Think Tank and Former Cultural Counselor of the Islamic Republic of Iran in China China’s transformation from political and economic turmoil into a global power was driven by coordinated reforms across the economy, governance, education, and culture. After the failures of the Great Leap

The attack on Iran was based on the false assumption that the country was too weak to respond. Instead, Iran delivered a calculated and effective response, proving its military resilience and strategic deterrence despite pressure from major powers. Our Arab Neighbors Have Consistently Stood on the Wrong Side of History Iran argues that some GCC

This analysis examines pre-war scenarios of a potential Iran–U.S. conflict through a mechanism-based strategic foresight approach. Rather than focusing solely on outcomes, it identifies the causal mechanisms shaping conflict dynamics and strategic decision-making. Four Major Iran–U.S. War Scenarios In this part, Four major scenarios were evaluated before the conflict: These scenarios were classified into three

Recent developments around the Strait of Hormuz reflect a broader geopolitical strategy in which one party enters an agreement while creating conditions to justify its eventual withdrawal by portraying the other side as the violator. Military, Economic, and Media Actions Were Presented as a Coordinated Strategy The simultaneous use of military pressure, economic restrictions, legal

The Islamabad Memorandum is best described as a hybrid framework positioned between a political interim arrangement and a legally binding international agreement, functioning primarily as a crisis-management mechanism aimed at stabilizing tensions rather than conclusively resolving disputes. Security and Sovereignty: Ambiguity in International Law in The Islamabad Memorandum The framework reflects general principles of the

The Western Bloc Explained The “West” or “Global North” is often described as a U.S.-led political, military, economic, and technological alliance rather than just a cultural group. It includes the United States, Canada, most of Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and close security partners. Why Does the Western Bloc Act Collectively? These countries are connected

Iran and Pakistan have strong potential to expand bilateral trade thanks to their shared border, cultural ties, and complementary economies. However, sanctions, weak trade coordination, inadequate border infrastructure, and logistics challenges continue to limit trade growth. Enhancing connectivity and regional cooperation is essential to unlocking the full potential of Iran–Pakistan economic relations. Iran–Pakistan Trade Relations

Sergey Lavrov’s recent remarks suggest a notable shift in Russia’s public stance on Iran’s nuclear file. While Moscow previously appeared firmly opposed to any discussion of Iran leaving the NPT or altering its nuclear doctrine, his comments indicate greater openness to strategic dialogue on these issues. Lavrov’s Warning to the United States and Israel Lavrov

One of Iran’s key strengths during the Third Imposed War was its asymmetric warfare strategy against a powerful coalition led by the United States and supported by Israel and certain Arab monarchies. This strategy relied heavily on the sacrifices of resistance groups in Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, and Palestine. Hezbollah’s intervention, while Iran was under intense