International Affairs

Pakistan’s current behavior towards Persian Gulf Arab countries cannot be analyzed through a simple dependent-independent lens. Instead, Pakistan finds itself entangled in a “three-layered strategic dependency” puzzle: These intertwined layers make the cost of severing ties with the financial-security network of Saudi Arabia significantly higher than the cost of maintaining conditional dependency. The Buyback of […]

Since the announcement of the two-week ceasefire between Tehran and Washington, various analyses have emerged regarding its nature and the future of developments. Generally, in recent hours, three points have raised some ambiguities and concerns about this ceasefire: Maintaining Strategic Leverage Iran retains strategic leverage despite the ceasefire, including control over the Strait of Hormuz

War in the Persian Gulf and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz present terrifying prospects. However, unlike the 1970s, this crisis will not lead to the dreadful stagflation of that era. Why is this time different from the 1970s? In the 1970s, the OPEC oil embargo and the resulting shortages created a sense of

As more than month has passed since the of the third imposed war against Iran, a natural question arises: How long will be the continuation of this war? Military equipment, logistical and financial weaknesses do not lead to defeat. Historical analytics have shown that the resistance and steadfastness of the weaker party can, with effective

Military conflicts in the Middle East, known as “Ramadan war” between Iran, the U.S., and Israel, have widespread implications for regional security and the global economy. These tensions impact energy markets, trade and investment, leading to increased political and economic uncertainty. In the context of rapid and complex regional developments, a thorough examination of the

This report investigates impact of the Hormuz Strait blockade on global metals markets. A vital and logistical chokepoint sees 20% of the world’s oil and significant volumes of dry bulk cargo transit through it annually. Recent military conflicts and restrictions have disrupted supply-demand balances, to a paradigm in mineral and metal industries, evidenced by enhanced

Which one of the middle east countries are America’s allies? Seven steel and five major aluminum plants in six Arab countries (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and Bahrain), along with one facility in Israel, form the core of the supply chain heavy industries are supported indirectly by the United States. Some complexes such

Recent measures taken by Iran to limit transit through the Strait of Hormuz during the Ramadan War can be justified under international law. These actions served as a strategic tool to exert pressure on adversaries. However, Iran needs to establish a comprehensive legal framework for the “Transit Regime” applicable during both peace and wartime. Four

Kharg Island, a vital Iranian oil export hub in the Persian Gulf, holds absolute immunity due to Iran’s offensive capabilities. Any attack on its oil facilities would trigger a catastrophic global energy crisis, far surpassing the consequences of a direct military confrontation. Kharg Island, a vital Iranian oil export hub in the Persian Gulf, holds

China adopts a “cautious observer with strategic patience” approach to a potential US-Iran war, balancing its key foreign policy goals of managing relations with the US and expanding cooperation with Iran. Its strategy of “hedging” across the Persian Gulf region, evident in its balanced statements, aims to mitigate risks and maintain stability. China’s Energy Lifeline: