Explaining Europe’s approach in this war and examining the causes and factors behind it
Abstract
The recent developments in West Asia, particularly the direct confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Israeli regime, can clearly be analyzed as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. These events not only reflect bilateral tensions but also point to deeper transformations in the regional security system. They may also be interpreted as an indication of the ongoing shifts in the structure of collective security in Europe and its surrounding areas. It appears that each of these actions and reactions could have profound consequences for the balance of power, deterrence patterns, and the responsibility of other regional and extra-regional actors.
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Explaining Europe’s Dual Approach to the War
Europe’s stance combines support for Israel’s security and containing Iran with calls for restraint to prevent escalation.
Support for Israel and Containing Iran
European leaders emphasized Israel’s right to self-defense and reinforced their opposition to Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
Concerns over Escalation
At the same time, they warned against regional instability and urged both sides to de-escalate.
Contradiction
This duality reveals a tension between backing Israel and promoting stability, undermining prospects for a balanced peace process.
Examining the Causes and Factors Behind This Approach
- Strategic Dependence on the U.S. and Israel’s Security: Europe aligns with U.S. policy and supports Israel, while trying to appear balanced by addressing humanitarian concerns.
- Conflicting Strategic Interests: Europeans fear the regional spillover of conflict despite backing efforts to contain Iran.
- Internal Divisions: EU member states have differing positions, preventing a unified stance.
- Economic and Energy Concerns: Escalation in the Middle East threatens Europe’s energy security and its partnerships with Arab states and Israel.
Implications of Europe’s Approach for Iran’s Future Diplomacy with Europe
Europe’s approach shows that it cannot be a neutral mediator on Iran-related issues, as its positions are closely aligned with the U.S. and prioritize Israel’s security over regional stability. For Iran, this means future diplomacy with Europe must account for these structural limits and strategic biases, while recognizing that efforts to use regional leverage against Europe are unlikely to succeed.
This study was conducted at Tehran International Studies & Research Institute by Yaser Nour Alivand in 2025.
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